-
1 fyrir-mynd
fyrir-myndan, f. [Germ. vorbild], a prototype, example. -
2 Muster
n; -s, -3. (Verzierung) pattern, design4. (Vorbild) model; (Beispiel) example; sie ist ein Muster von einer Lehrerin oder das Muster einer Lehrerin etc. she’s a model teacher etc.; ein Muster an Tugend a paragon of virtue; nach dem Muster von following the example of; ein Justizwesen nach angelsächsischem Muster a justice system model(l)ed on the English one ( oder along English lines); jemanden als Muster hinstellen hold s.o. up as an example to be followed* * *das Musterpattern; design; sample; scheme; specimen; model; paragon; prototype* * *Mụs|ter ['mʊstɐ]nt -s, -nach einem Muster stricken etc — to knit etc from a pattern
die Parade läuft immer nach demselben Muster ab — the parade always takes the same form
2) (= Probestück) sample; (Buch, Korrekturfahne etc) specimenMuster ohne Wert — sample of no commercial value
3) (fig = Vorbild) model (an +dat of); (= Verhaltensmuster) patternals Muster dienen — to serve as a model
er ist ein Muster von einem Schüler/Ehemann/Staatsbürger —
* * *das1) (something that can be used to copy from.) model2) (a pattern etc: The curtains have a flower design on them.) design3) (the first or original model from which others are copied.) prototype4) (a perfect example of a good quality etc: She is a paragon of virtue.) paragon5) (a model or guide for making something: a dress-pattern.) pattern6) (a repeated decoration or design on material etc: The dress is nice but I don't like the pattern.) pattern7) (an example suitable to be copied: the pattern of good behaviour.) pattern* * *Mus·ter<-s, ->[ˈmʊstɐ]nt\Muster ohne Wert sample of no commercial valuedem \Muster entsprechend up to sampleWaren nach \Muster bestellen to order goods from samplenach \Muster kaufen/verkaufen to buy according to sample/to sell by sample\Muster ziehen to sample, to draw samples2. (Motive) patterneingetragenes \Muster HANDEL registered pattern3. (Vorlage) pattern[jdm] als \Muster dienen to serve [sb] as a modelnach antikem \Muster modelled [or AM a. modeled] on an antique style4. (Vorbild)ein \Muster an Vollkommenheit sein to be the pink of perfection* * *das; Musters, Muster1) (Vorlage) pattern2) (Vorbild) model (an + Dat. of)er ist ein Muster an Fleiß — he is a model of industry
er ist ein Muster von einem Ehemann — (ugs.) he is a model husband
3) (Verzierung) pattern4) (Probe) specimen; (Warenprobe) sample* * *1. (Vorlage, Zeichnung) pattern;nach einem Muster arbeiten work from a pattern3. (Verzierung) pattern, designein Muster an Tugend a paragon of virtue;nach dem Muster von following the example of;ein Justizwesen nach angelsächsischem Muster a justice system model(l)ed on the English one ( oder along English lines);jemanden als Muster hinstellen hold sb up as an example to be followed* * *das; Musters, Muster1) (Vorlage) pattern2) (Vorbild) model (an + Dat. of)er ist ein Muster von einem Ehemann — (ugs.) he is a model husband
3) (Verzierung) pattern4) (Probe) specimen; (Warenprobe) sample* * *- n.model n.pattern n.prototype n.sample n.specimen n. -
3 Urbild
n1. model, prototype; das Urbild von Shakepeares Romeo the model for Shakespeare’s Romeo2. (Inbegriff) type, embodiment* * *das Urbildprototype* * *Ur|bildntprototype, archetype; (PHILOS) idea* * *Ur·bildnt1. (Prototyp) eines Romans etc. original transcript2. (Inbegriff)ein \Urbild an Kraft an epitome of vigour [or AM -or]* * *1) (Vorbild) archetype; prototype2) (Inbegriff, Ideal) perfect example; epitome* * *Urbild n1. model, prototype;das Urbild von Shakepeares Romeo the model for Shakespeare’s Romeo2. (Inbegriff) type, embodiment* * *1) (Vorbild) archetype; prototype2) (Inbegriff, Ideal) perfect example; epitome* * *-er n.prefiguration n. -
4 modèle
modèle [mɔdεl]1. masculine noun• prendre qn pour modèle to model o.s. upon sb2. adjective[conduite, ouvrier, mari, usine] model• maison modèle ( = de référence) show house3. compounds* * *mɔdɛl
1.
adjectif gén model (épith)
2.
nom masculinprendre modèle sur quelqu'un — to do as somebody does/did
modèle à suivre — ( personne) somebody to look up to, role model
grand/petit modèle — large-/small-size (épith)
modèle familial — family-size (épith)
3) ( de v êtement) ( création) model; ( type d'article) style4) ( échantillon)compléter selon le modèle — École do the exercise following the example
5) Art, Photographie ( personne) model6) ( reproductible) patternmodèle de conjugaison/tricot — conjugation/knitting pattern
7) ( prototype) model•Phrasal Verbs:* * *mɔdɛl1. adj(enfant, école) model2. nm1) (= produit) modelLe nouveau modèle sort en septembre. — The new model is coming out in September.
modèle courant; modèle de série COMMERCE — production model
2) (= vêtement)Ce modèle me plaît beaucoup. — I really like this one.
3) (économique, social) model4) (qui pose) [peintre] model, sitter5) (= gabarit, patron) pattern* * *A adj [employé, mari, usine, prison] model ( épith); [conduite] perfect, exemplary; fermes modèles model farms.B nm1 ( exemple) example; suivre un modèle to follow an example; offrir un modèle d'intégration to be an example of integration; servir de modèle à qn/qch to serve as an example for sb/sth; prendre modèle sur qn to do as sb does/did, to do like sb; sur le modèle américain on the American model; être un modèle de clarté to be a model of clarity; modèle à suivre ( personne) somebody to look up to; c'est un modèle à ne pas suivre ( personne) he's/she's not a good role model;2 Comm, Ind ( type) model; ( taille) size; choisir la couleur, la taille et le modèle to select the colourGB, size and model; le dernier modèle the latest model; modèle sport/de luxe/standard sports/de luxe/standard model; grand/petit modèle large-/small-size ( épith); modèle familial family-size ( épith); le grand modèle de tente, la tente grand modèle the large-size tent; le modèle au-dessus ( en taille) the next size up; ( en prix) the more expensive version; construit sur le même modèle built to the same design;4 ( échantillon) modèle de signature specimen signature; compléter selon le modèle Scol do the exercise following the example;6 ( système) model; modèle éducatif/de société educational/social model; sortir du modèle bureaucratique to break out of the bureaucratic mould GB ou mold US;7 Sci ( structure formalisée) model; modèle économique/transformationnel economic/transformational model;8 ( reproductible) pattern; modèle de conjugaison/déclinaison conjugation/declension pattern; modèle de tricot knitting pattern;[mɔdɛl] nom masculinÉDUCATION [corrigé] model answergrand/petit modèle large-scale/small-scale model5. [maquette] modelun modèle au 1/10 a 1 to 10 (scale) model————————[mɔdɛl] adjectif1. [parfait] model (modificateur)2. [qui sert de référence]ferme/prison modèle model farm/prison -
5 modelé
modèle [mɔdεl]1. masculine noun• prendre qn pour modèle to model o.s. upon sb2. adjective[conduite, ouvrier, mari, usine] model• maison modèle ( = de référence) show house3. compounds* * *mɔdɛl
1.
adjectif gén model (épith)
2.
nom masculinprendre modèle sur quelqu'un — to do as somebody does/did
modèle à suivre — ( personne) somebody to look up to, role model
grand/petit modèle — large-/small-size (épith)
modèle familial — family-size (épith)
3) ( de v êtement) ( création) model; ( type d'article) style4) ( échantillon)compléter selon le modèle — École do the exercise following the example
5) Art, Photographie ( personne) model6) ( reproductible) patternmodèle de conjugaison/tricot — conjugation/knitting pattern
7) ( prototype) model•Phrasal Verbs:* * *mɔdɛl1. adj(enfant, école) model2. nm1) (= produit) modelLe nouveau modèle sort en septembre. — The new model is coming out in September.
modèle courant; modèle de série COMMERCE — production model
2) (= vêtement)Ce modèle me plaît beaucoup. — I really like this one.
3) (économique, social) model4) (qui pose) [peintre] model, sitter5) (= gabarit, patron) pattern* * *A adj [employé, mari, usine, prison] model ( épith); [conduite] perfect, exemplary; fermes modèles model farms.B nm1 ( exemple) example; suivre un modèle to follow an example; offrir un modèle d'intégration to be an example of integration; servir de modèle à qn/qch to serve as an example for sb/sth; prendre modèle sur qn to do as sb does/did, to do like sb; sur le modèle américain on the American model; être un modèle de clarté to be a model of clarity; modèle à suivre ( personne) somebody to look up to; c'est un modèle à ne pas suivre ( personne) he's/she's not a good role model;2 Comm, Ind ( type) model; ( taille) size; choisir la couleur, la taille et le modèle to select the colourGB, size and model; le dernier modèle the latest model; modèle sport/de luxe/standard sports/de luxe/standard model; grand/petit modèle large-/small-size ( épith); modèle familial family-size ( épith); le grand modèle de tente, la tente grand modèle the large-size tent; le modèle au-dessus ( en taille) the next size up; ( en prix) the more expensive version; construit sur le même modèle built to the same design;4 ( échantillon) modèle de signature specimen signature; compléter selon le modèle Scol do the exercise following the example;6 ( système) model; modèle éducatif/de société educational/social model; sortir du modèle bureaucratique to break out of the bureaucratic mould GB ou mold US;7 Sci ( structure formalisée) model; modèle économique/transformationnel economic/transformational model;8 ( reproductible) pattern; modèle de conjugaison/déclinaison conjugation/declension pattern; modèle de tricot knitting pattern;[mɔdle] nom masculin1. [sur tableau] relief -
6 Muster
Muster n 1. COMP pattern; 2. GEN pattern, sample, template; 3. PAT design; 4. V&M sample, pattern, model* * *n 1. < Comp> pattern; 2. < Geschäft> pattern, sample, template; 3. < Patent> design; 4. <V&M> pattern, model* * *Muster
(Form) pattern, set form, device, shape, figure, (Gebrauchsmuster) design, pattern [sample], patterned sample, (Modell) model, copy, prototype, (Norm) norm, standard, (Textilwaren) figure, (Type) type, (Vorbild) paragon, mirror, example, (Warenprobe) sample, trial piece, specimen;
• dem Muster entsprechend up to sample;
• laut Muster, mit dem Muster übereinstimmend true to specimen;
• nach Muster according to pattern (sample), on the model (lines);
• nach dem Muster von on the pattern (model) of;
• schlechter als das Muster inferior to sample;
• streng nach Muster strictly up to sample;
• auf Bestellung angefertigtes Muster custom design;
• anhängende Muster annexed (attached) samples;
• aufdringliches Muster loud pattern;
• beigefügtes Muster attached sample;
• zu buntes Muster loud design;
• eingetragenes Muster registered pattern (design, Br.);
• einheitliches Muster standard pattern;
• gängiges Muster conventional design;
• gewerbliches Muster industrial design;
• vor Absendung der Ware gezogenes Muster preshipment sample;
• kostenloses Muster free sample;
• ungeschütztes Muster open pattern;
• unverkäufliches Muster free sample;
• nicht verkäufliche Muster models not on sale;
• verschiedene Muster sundry samples;
• verschlossenes Muster sealed sample;
• vorgelegtes Muster sample displayed;
• wiederkehrendes Muster repeated pattern;
• Muster auf Anfrage kostenlos free samples on request;
• Muster unter versiegeltem Verschluss sealed sample;
• Muster ohne Wert (Postversand) samples [only], no commercial value (US), by pattern (sample) post;
• Muster abschneiden to cut off a sample;
• mit Mustern verschiedene Versuche anstellen to put samples through a series of tests;
• nach einem Muster arbeiten to work from a pattern;
• Muster stichprobenartig auswählen to select a specimen at random;
• nach dem Muster bestellen to order goods from sample;
• als Muster dienen to serve as a model;
• Muster einsehen to have a look at the patterns;
• dem Muster entsprechen to correspond to pattern, to be up to (match the, correspond to the) sample;
• dem Muster nicht entsprechen not to be up to pattern;
• sich auf ein Muster festlegen to decide on a pattern;
• einem absehbaren Muster folgen to follow a predictable pattern;
• nach ausländischen Mustern gestalten to foreignize;
• etw. nach dem Muster kaufen to buy s. th. from sample;
• Muster nehmen to draw samples;
• als Muster ohne Wert senden (verschicken) to send as samples of no value;
• mit dem Muster übereinstimmen to match the sample;
• mit Mustern versehen to pattern;
• Muster vorführen to wait on with patterns;
• Muster vorlegen to submit samples;
• Muster ziehen to draw (take) samples, to sample;
• Muster zusammenstellen to arrange patterns, to assort (make up a collection of) samples;
• Musterabänderung modification of a design;
• Musterabkommen model convention;
• Musteranforderungskarte sample request card;
• Musteranfrage request for pattern;
• Musterangebot sample offer;
• Musteranlage pilot project;
• Musteranmeldung application for registration as design;
• Musterarbeitsvertrag model employment contract;
• Musterauftrag trial order;
• Musterbedingungen standard form contract conditions;
• Musterbeispiel [prime] example;
• Musterbericht standard report;
• Musterbestellung sample order;
• Musterbestimmungen eines Vertrages model conditions of contract;
• Musterbetrieb model enterprise (plant, workshop), pilot plant;
• landwirtschaftlicher Musterbetrieb model (demonstration) farm;
• Musterbeutel mailing bag;
• Musterbilanz standard balance sheet;
• Musterbrief form (US) (sample, standard, specimen) letter;
• Musterbuch specimen (pattern, sample, design) book, book of patterns;
• charakteristische Mustereigenschaften design requirements;
• Mustereintragung sample entry;
• Musterentnahme sampling;
• Mustererkennungssoftware pattern recognition software;
• Musteretat guideline budget;
• Musterexemplar pattern, sample, specimen [copy], prototype, showpiece;
• Musterfarm demonstration (model) farm;
• Musterformular specimen (sample) form;
• vollständige Mustergarnitur full set of samples. -
7 más o menos
more or less* * *= more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take, ballparkEx. DOBIS/LIBIS stores library files that contain more or less the same information found in manual files in libraries everywhere.Ex. True, the machine is sometimes controlled by a keyboard, and thought of a sort enters in reading the figures and poking the corresponding keys, but even this is avoidable.Ex. For example, in a normal indexing service all the documents listed in the issue for a specific month will have been published in the last year or so.Ex. In summary, accountability has been perceived by some as a threat of sorts.Ex. Koenig had a flat-platen machine working after a fashion in 1811, and a prototype cylinder machine in 1812 = Koenig ya en 1811 tenía una máquina de presión plana que más o menos funcionaba y un prototipo de máquina rotativa en 1812.Ex. Estimates of the books currently in print in Britain usually give a number of round about a quarter of a million titles.Ex. Roughly speaking one-third of book publishers publish only one new book each every six months.Ex. President Bush estimated the Iraqi civilian death toll at 30,000; give or take a few thousand.Ex. In hindsight about 350k dollars ( ballpark) turned out to be the magic number.* * *= more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take, ballparkEx: DOBIS/LIBIS stores library files that contain more or less the same information found in manual files in libraries everywhere.
Ex: True, the machine is sometimes controlled by a keyboard, and thought of a sort enters in reading the figures and poking the corresponding keys, but even this is avoidable.Ex: For example, in a normal indexing service all the documents listed in the issue for a specific month will have been published in the last year or so.Ex: In summary, accountability has been perceived by some as a threat of sorts.Ex: Koenig had a flat-platen machine working after a fashion in 1811, and a prototype cylinder machine in 1812 = Koenig ya en 1811 tenía una máquina de presión plana que más o menos funcionaba y un prototipo de máquina rotativa en 1812.Ex: Estimates of the books currently in print in Britain usually give a number of round about a quarter of a million titles.Ex: Roughly speaking one-third of book publishers publish only one new book each every six months.Ex: President Bush estimated the Iraqi civilian death toll at 30,000; give or take a few thousand.Ex: In hindsight about 350k dollars ( ballpark) turned out to be the magic number. -
8 esikuva
yks.nom. esikuva; yks.gen. esikuvan; yks.part. esikuvaa; yks.ill. esikuvaan; mon.gen. esikuvien esikuvain; mon.part. esikuvia; mon.ill. esikuviinarchetype (noun)example (noun)model (noun)paragon (noun)pattern (noun)prototype (noun)* * *• prototype• pattern• paragon• model• image• ideal• exemplar• example• archetype -
9 пример
1. pattern2. example3. instance4. modelСинонимический ряд:образец (сущ.) образец; образчик -
10 perikuva
yks.nom. perikuva; yks.gen. perikuvan; yks.part. perikuvaa; yks.ill. perikuvaan; mon.gen. perikuvien perikuvain; mon.part. perikuvia; mon.ill. perikuviinarchetype (noun)model (noun)paragon (noun)prototype (noun)quintessence (noun)type (noun)* * *• quintessence• type• archetype• example• ideal• model• paragon• prototype paragon• prototype -
11 образец
assay, form, example, exponent, model, pattern, (напр. при редактировании данных) picture, ( для испытаний) piece, probe, reference, sample, shape, specimen, standard, template* * *образе́ц м.1. (экземпляр, представляющий класс предметов) specimenподтеня́ть образе́ц ( для усиления контраста в микроскопии) — stain a (microscopic) specimen2. (часть массы, представляющая свойства целого) sampleнаруша́ть образе́ц [структу́ру образца́] — disturb the sample; горн. disturb the coreотбира́ть образцы́ — take [obtain] samplesполуча́ть образцы́ коло́нковым буре́нием — take cores [do coring] by the rotary methodпрока́ливать образе́ц — calcine [ignite] the sampleабсолю́тно сухо́й образе́ц — oven-dry sampleвозду́шно-сухо́й образе́ц — air-dry sampleобразе́ц для испыта́ний — test piece, test specimenвыреза́ть [отреза́ть] образе́ц для испыта́ний от … — cut (out) a test piece from …зажима́ть образе́ц для испыта́ний — clamp the test pieceподверга́ть образе́ц для испыта́ний растяже́нию — pull the test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний в фо́рме (двойно́й) лопа́тки — dumb-bell test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний, гантелеви́дный — dumb-bell test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний, надре́занный ( для испытания на ударную вязкость) — notched (impact-test) specimen, notched (impact-test) barобразе́ц для испыта́ний на круче́ние — torsion-test specimen, torsion-test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний на растяже́ние — tension specimen, tension test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний на сжа́тие — compression specimen, compression test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний на срез — shear-test specimen, shear-test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́ний, нату́рный — full-scale specimenобразе́ц для испыта́ний на уда́рную про́чность — impact-test specimen, impact-test pieceобразе́ц для испыта́нии, пло́ский — test flat barо́пытный образе́ц ( первое спроектированное изделие в металле) — prototype (part, machine)образе́ц поро́д(ы) — rock sample; ( керн) coreпредстави́тельный образе́ц1. representative specimen2. representative sampleпромы́шленный образе́ц — production prototypeобразе́ц сырья́ для промы́шленных испыта́ний (процесса, оборудования) — trial consignment of raw materialутверждё́нный образе́ц — standard piece* * * -
12 Modell
Modell n 1. GEN pattern; model (Muster); 2. IND template; 3. STAT model; 4. PAT design* * *n 1. < Geschäft> pattern, Muster model; 2. < Ind> template; 3. < Math> model; 4. < Patent> design* * *Modell
model, pattern, form, archetype, example, shape, (Ausführung) design, (Erstkonstruktion) working model, prototype, copy, (Maschine) type design, (Person) [fashion] model, mannequin;
• billiges Modell economy model;
• einheitliches Modell uniform pattern;
• erstes Modell prototyp;
• am meisten gefragtes Modell hard-to-have girl;
• geschütztes Modell registered design;
• unsere letzten (neuesten) Modelle our latest designs;
• maßstabsgetreues Modell scale model;
• Platz sparendes Modell storage model;
• verbessertes Modell von 2002 improvement design of 2002;
• vereinfachtes Modell reduced model;
• Modell in der Größe einer Zigarettenpackung cigarette-pack-size model;
• Modelle aus einer früheren Konjunkturperiode past cyclical time pattern;
• Modell der expandierenden Wirtschaft model of expanding economy;
• Modellabkommen pattern agreement;
• Modellanfertigung patternmaking;
• Modellangebot model line-up;
• computergestützte Modellbildung computer modelling;
• Modellcharakter model nature;
• Modellfall market model;
• Modellfirma sample company;
• Modellformen in der Wirtschaft umgestalten to reshape business patterns;
• Modellhaus show (model) house;
• Modelljahr year of manufacture;
• Modellklasse demonstration class;
• Modellpuppe (Schaufenster) dummy;
• Modellschutz protection of registered designs;
• Modelltarif pattern agreement;
• Modellverfahren model experiment;
• Modellverpachtung licensing;
• Modellvertrag prototype (standard) contract;
• Modellwerkstatt pattern shop;
• Modellzeichner pattern designer. -
13 forbilde
* * *subst. (overført) [ideal, eksempel] ideal, example subst. [ mønster] model, pattern subst. [ opprinnelig type] prototype (f.eks. ) subst. [ en man ser opp til] role model -
14 Gropius, Walter Adolf
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 18 May 1883 Berlin, Germanyd. 5 July 1969 Boston, USA[br]German co-founder of the modern movement of architecture.[br]A year after he began practice as an architect, Gropius was responsible for the pace-setting Fagus shoe-last factory at Alfeld-an-der-Leine in Germany, one of the few of his buildings to survive the Second World War. Today the building does not appear unusual, but in 1911 it was a revolutionary prototype, heralding the glass curtain walled method of non-load-bearing cladding that later became ubiquitous. Made from glass, steel and reinforced concrete, this factory initiated a new concept, that of the International school of modern architecture.In 1919 Gropius was appointed to head the new School of Art and Design at Weimar, the Staatliches Bauhaus. The school had been formed by an amalgamation of the Grand Ducal schools of fine and applied arts founded in 1906. Here Gropius put into practice his strongly held views and he was so successful that this small college, which trained only a few hundred students in the limited years of its existence, became world famous, attracting artists, architects and students of quality from all over Europe.Gropius's idea was to set up an institution where students of all the arts and crafts could work together and learn from one another. He abhorred the artificial barriers that had come to exist between artists and craftsmen and saw them all as interdependent. He felt that manual dexterity was as essential as creative design. Every Bauhaus student, whatever the individual's field of work or talent, took the same original workshop training. When qualified they were able to understand and supervise all the aesthetic and constructional processes that made up the scope of their work.In 1924, because of political changes, the Weimar Bauhaus was closed, but Gropius was invited to go to Dessau to re-establish it in a new purpose-built school which he designed. This group of buildings became a prototype that designers of the new architectural form emulated. Gropius left the Bauhaus in 1928, only a few years before it was finally closed due to the growth of National Socialism. He moved to England in 1934, but because of a lack of architectural opportunities and encouragement he continued on his way to the USA, where he headed the Department of Architecture at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design from 1937 to 1952. After his retirement from there Gropius formed the Architect's Collaborative and, working with other architects such as Marcel Breuer and Pietro Belluschi, designed a number of buildings (for example, the US Embassy in Athens (1960) and the Pan Am Building in New York (1963)).[br]Bibliography1984, Scope of Total Architecture, Allen \& Unwin.Further ReadingN.Pevsner, 1936, Pioneers of the Modern Movement: From William Morris to Walter Gropius, Penguin.C.Jenck, 1973, Modern Movements in Architecture, Penguin.H.Probst and C.Shädlich, 1988, Walter Gropius, Berlin: Ernst \& Son.DY -
15 образец
1) specimen, sample (товарный)
2) model, example; pattern прям. и перен.
3) fashion* * ** * *specimen, sample* * *assaydesignexampleexemplarforminstancemodelnonesuchnonsuchparadigmparagonpatternprillprototyperulesamplesamplingscantlingsoulspecimenstandardtaster -
16 Perret, Auguste
[br]b. 12 February 1874 Ixelles, near Brussels, Belgiumd. 26 February 1954 Le Havre (?), France[br]French architect who pioneered and established building design in reinforced concrete in a style suited to the modern movement.[br]Auguste Perret belonged to the family contracting firm of A. \& G.Perret, which early specialized in the use of reinforced concrete. His eight-storey building at 25 bis Rue Franklin in Paris, built in 1902–3, was the first example of frame construction in this material and established its viability for structural design. Both ground plan and façade are uncompromisingly modern, the simplicity of the latter being relieved by unobtrusive faience decoration. The two upper floors, which are set back, and the open terrace roof garden set a pattern for future schemes. All of Perret's buildings had reinforced-concrete structures and this was clearly delineated on the façade designs. The concept was uncommon in Europe at the time, when eclecticism still largely ruled, but was derived from the late nineteenth-century skyscraper façades built by Louis Sullivan in America. In 1905–6 came Perret's Garage Ponthieu in Paris; a striking example of exposed concrete, it had a central façade window glazed in modern design in rich colours. By the 1920s ferroconcrete was in more common use, but Perret still led the field in France with his imaginative, bold use of the material. His most original structure is the Church of Notre Dame at Le Raincy on the outskirts of Paris (1922–3). The imposing exterior with its tall tower in diminishing stages is finely designed, but the interior has magnificence. It is a wide, light church, the segmented vaulted roof supported on slender columns. The whole structure is in concrete apart from the glass window panels, which extend the full height of the walls all around the church. They provide a symphony of colour culminating in deep blue behind the altar. Because of the slenderness of the columns and the richness of the glass, this church possesses a spiritual atmosphere and unimpeded sight and sound of and from the altar for everyone. It became the prototype for churches all over Europe for decades, from Moser in prewar Switzerland to Spence's postwar Coventry Cathedral.In a long working life Perret designed buildings for a wide range of purposes, adhering to his preference for ferroconcrete and adapting its use according to each building's needs. In the 1940s he was responsible for the railway station at Amiens, the Atomic Centre at Saclay and, one of his last important works, the redevelopment after wartime damage of the town centre of Le Havre. For the latter, he laid out large open squares enclosed by prefabricated units, which display a certain monotony, despite the imposing town hall and Church of St Joseph in the Place de L'Hôtel de Ville.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident des Réunions Internationales des Architectes. American Society of the French Legion of Honour Gold Medal 1950. Elected after the Second World War to the Institut de France. First President of the International Union of Architects on its creation in 1948. RIBA Royal Gold Medal 1948.Further ReadingP.Blater, 1939, "Work of the architect A.Perret", Architektura SSSR (Moscow) 7:57 (illustrated article).1848 "Auguste Perret: a pioneer in reinforced concrete", Civil Engineers' Review, pp.296–300.Peter Collins, 1959, Concrete: The Vision of a New Architecture: A Study of Auguste Perret and his Precursors, Faber \& Faber.Marcel Zahar, 1959, D'Une Doctrine d'Architecture: Auguste Perret, Paris: Vincent Fréal.DY -
17 образец
1) General subject: (греческий) akypon, archetype, cast, copy, example, exemplar, exponent, fashion, floor model (товара в мебельном магазине), foregoer, form, fugleman, instance, master, model, nonesuch, nonsuch, norm, normal, paradigm, paragon (совершенства, добродетели), pattern, piece, prill, representative, rule, sample, sampler, sampling, shape, soul, specimen, standard, taster (особ. пищи), the pink, the poster child for, type, way, working standard, design, epitome, preview2) Computers: template skeleton3) Geology: protoplast4) Biology: accession6) Obsolete: scantling7) Literal: showcase8) Military: model, test piece9) Engineering: assay, model (одежды), picture (напр. при редактировании данных), piece (для испытаний), prototype (опытный), reference, type standard10) Agriculture: exponent (на выставке)11) Construction: jig13) Automobile industry: original, sample piece (по которому делается другая деталь)14) Architecture: monument, show-piece15) Forestry: pink, swatch, swatch card17) Polygraphy: sample sheet, sample sheet (напр. бумаги), shape up, specimen sheet, specimen sheet (напр. бумаги)19) Abbreviation: temp21) Information technology: follow-on, search Image, template22) Oil: specimen (породы или грунта)23) Immunology: species24) Special term: templet25) Cartography: characteristic sheet (карты)26) Mechanics: comparison specimen, sample workpiece27) Perfume: reference standard, sample preparation28) Ecology: prills29) Advertising: sp., specimen copy30) Patents: (промышленный) design, specimen copier31) Business: exhibit, image, muster, sample copy32) Automation: artifact34) Plastics: specimen (для испытания)36) Makarov: ancestor, archetype (с которого снимаются копии), assay (для анализа), exponent (напр. на выставке), hand specimen, piece (напр. для испытаний), reference element, reference pattern, relish, type (в искусстве)37) Electrochemistry: form (для гальванопластики)38) SAP.tech. copy from39) SAP.fin. mod., ref. -
18 Probe
Probe f 1. COMP sample, test; 2. GEN trial, tryout; pattern (Muster) • auf Probe GEN on approval, on appro • die Probe bestehen GEN stand the test • etw. auf die Probe stellen GEN put sth to the test • etw. auf Probe kaufen GEN buy sth on approval* * *f 1. < Comp> sample, test; 2. < Geschäft> trial, tryout, Muster pattern ■ auf Probe < Geschäft> on approval (on appro) ■ etw. auf die Probe stellen < Geschäft> put sth to the test ■ etw. auf Probe kaufen < Geschäft> buy sth on approval* * *Probe
(Beweis) proof, evidence, (drucktechn.) specimen, (Erprobung) test, trial, tryout (US), (Kontrollberechnung) proof, (Muster) sample, pattern, example, (Nachprüfung) verification, check, (Probezeit) probation, (Prüfstück) specimen;
• auf Probe on [ap]probation, (Warensendung) on approval;
• auf Probe angestellt probationary;
• der Probe entsprechend answering the (to) pattern, up to sample;
• laut beiliegender Probe as per pattern enclosed;
• nach Probe on (upon the authority of) sample, according to pattern;
• streng nach der Probe strictly up to sample;
• zur Probe on trial (approbation);
• unsortierte, nicht ausgewählte Proben unpicked samples;
• DNA-Probe DNA sample;
• entnommene Probe picked sample;
• bewusst gewählte Probe purposive sample;
• kostenlose Probe free trial (sample);
• vorgelegte (vorgezeigte) Probe sample displayed (shown);
• Probe liegt bei enclosed please find a sample;
• j. auf Probe anstellen to engage s. o. on probation, to give s. o. a trial;
• Probe[n] entnehmen to [take a] sample, to draw samples;
• der Probe entsprechen to be up to (match the) sample;
• zur Probe gebrauchen to have on trial;
• auf Probe kaufen to buy on approbation;
• etw. auf Probe kaufen to buy s. th. on trial;
• Probe auf eine Rechnung machen to check an invoice;
• Maschine kostenlos zur Probe schicken to send a machine for free trial;
• auf Probe angestellt sein to be [employed] on probation;
• Proben versenden to send out samples;
• Probeabdruck (drucktechn.) proof [sheet], pull;
• Probeabdruck für zweite Korrektur revised proof;
• Probeabonnement trial subscription;
• Probeabsatzgebiet test market;
• Probeabschluss (Bilanz) [preclosing] trial balance;
• Probeabstimmung test ballot, preliminary (straw, US) vote;
• inoffizielle Probeabstimmung unofficial (straw, US) vote;
• Probeabzug (drucktechn.) proof impression, pull, (Probebilanz) trial balance;
• Probeanfertigung sample;
• Probeangebot trial offer;
• Probeangestellter probationer, probationary employee;
• Probe anstellung, Probearbeitsverhältnis probation[ary] employment (appointment), trial engagement;
• Probeanwärter probationer;
• Probearbeit test paper;
• Probeauftrag trial (sample) order;
• Probeauftrag platzieren to place a trial order;
• Probeband dummy copy;
• Probebefragung pilot study, pretest;
• Probebenutzung trial use;
• Probebeschäftigung trial (probationary) employment;
• Probebestellung sample (trial) order;
• Probebilanz rough (preclosing trial) balance;
• bereinigte Probebilanz closing trial balance;
• nach Gruppen geordnete Probebilanz classified trial balance;
• Probebohrung [mineral] exploration, test;
• Probedienstzeit probationary arrangement;
• Probedruck proof sheet, specimen volume;
• Probeentlohnung probationary [wage] rate;
• Probe[ent]nahme sampling, taking a sample;
• Probeentwurf tentative draft;
• Probeerhebung (Statistik) exploration (pilot) survey, pilot study;
• Probeexemplar complimentary (sample) copy, specimen [copy];
• Probefahrt (Auto) trial run (trip, drive), test run, road test (US), (Kriegsschiff) shake-down cruise (coll.);
• Probefahrt auf See (Schiff) maiden trip, sea trial;
• einer Probefahrt unterzogen werden to be test-run;
• Probefall trial (test) case;
• Probeflug trial (test, shake-down, coll., demonstration) flight, test flying;
• Probeflugzeug prototype aircraft;
• Probegehalt entrance (trial) rate, probationary [wage] rate. -
19 Vorbestrafter
Vorbestrafter
person convicted, criminal, taint;
• Vorbeugungsmaßnahmen preventive (precautionary) measures;
• Vorbilanz preliminary balance sheet, [preclosing] trial balance;
• Vorbild [role] model, pattern, example, prototype, (Muster) standard;
• Vorbildung educational background;
• notwendige Vorbildung required qualification;
• Vorbörse business (market) before official hours. -
20 Vorbild
- 1
- 2
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